Foundation Models: The New Engines of Artificial Intelligence

Ahmed Nouman
Saurav Khadka

What if a single AI system could draft a legal memo, interpret a medical scan, and guide a robot arm — all before lunch? Foundation models are making this a reality, marking a fundamental shift from narrow, task-specific AI to large, broadly capable systems that adapt to almost any challenge with just a few written instructions. Once confined to research labs, these models now power the AI tools millions of people use every day and understanding how they work is becoming as essential as digital literacy itself.

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